Whether it’s a day hike or backcountry trek, do some advance planning, carry the essentials and use these common-sense rules for a safe outing.
Before You Go
Know the area you’ll be hiking through. Obtain appropriate maps so you can note where water sources are, the types of wildlife you may encounter, and how far you will be from medical or emergency help. Check with a local ranger or tour guide for safety information and to let them know where you’re going. Leave a detailed itinerary with a family member or friend, and in your car. Be in shape! Tip: A 30-minute cardio workout four times a week will strengthen your heart. Make sure you’re healthy before you hike.
Hiking Tips
- Dress in layers. Two thin layers are better than one thick layer. Tip: the new synthetic materials and fabrics are superior to cotton. Remember to wear a hat or bandanna to prevent heat loss.
- Wear the proper footwear. Hiking boots are the most important investment a trail-bound hiker can make. Buy boots one-half size larger than your shoe size. Wear two pairs of socks; a thin, synthetic inner one that prevents moisture and a heavier outer sock for cushioned comfort.
- Carry a day pack. Frameless packs are made specifically for hiking, since you’ll be carrying eight to 10 pounds of gear (backpack, water, snacks, first-aid, etc.). Make sure yours is equipped with shoulder pads. Also make sure to carry lightweight rain gear.
- Never hike alone! This is especially important if an emergency occurs and you’re far from help. One hiker can stay with the injured person while two go for help.
- Always stretch before beginning a hike. Set a comfortable pace and rest for a few minutes once each hour. Hiking protocol suggests that the strongest hiker slow to the pace of the weakest.
- Use trail etiquette: downhill yields to uphill; stay to the right. Announce your intentions when you overtake or pass another on the trail. Dogs must be leashed at all times. Always carry out what you carry in and don’t feed, harass or chase wildlife.
- Wear sunscreen.
- Be aware of changes in the weather. The season can play a big role, depending on the area. Knowing the conditions you’re likely to encounter will help you dress accordingly.
- Carry enough food and water, because hiking burns calories. Make sure to drink before you feel thirsty to avoid dehydration. A good rule is to bring one more meal than you’ll need. Never drink untreated trailhead water. Carry water purification tablets and/or filter.
- Stay on the trail and watch your step! Trees and bushes can’t always hold you. Be alert for slippery areas. Most injuries and rescues take place off-trail. Most trails are marked, but if the markers are gone, use your compass and map.
- Keep an eye out for snakes, bees and ticks. If you’re bitten by a snake, it is important to get to the nearest hospital emergency room as soon as possible.
- Pay close attention to your surroundings and landmarks. Stay calm if you get lost, trust your map and compass. If you’re on a trail, don’t leave it. Stay put if it’s after nightfall, you’re injured or near exhaustion. As a last resort, follow water drainage or a stream downhill.
Hiking Essentials
In the 1930s, a group called The Mountaineers created a list of 10 essential gear items that belong in every hiker’s pack to ensure backcountry safety. Most hiking sites today have added to or doubled up categories. This is a consolidated list.
- 1. Map and compass, GPS device
2. Extra food and water (and water purification means)
3. Rain gear and extra clothing (not cotton), spaceblanket
4. Firestarter and waterproof matches
5. First aid kit, insect repellent
6. Army knife or multi-purpose tool
7. Flashlight, extra bulbs
8. Hat, sunscreen and sunglasses
9. Cell phone, whistle, watch, camera, binoculars
10. Paper and pencil, tissue
Use Common Sense
This is the most important item you can bring on the trail.
